This report examines the role of Social Economy Organisation’s in the provision of employment, and how they have fared during the recent period of economic turbulence. Attention was also paid to SEOs working with vulnerable individuals, either as direct providers of jobs, or providers of training and services designed to help vulnerable individuals into the mainstream labour market. In particular, the research sought to gain greater understanding of working conditions within these SEOs, and the challenges they faced in providing high quality employment while having to keep costs low in order to operate in competitive markets. Case studies come from: Belgium (Flanders), France (Bourgogne, Bretagne), Italy (Lombardia, Puglia), Luxembourg, Romania (Regiunea Centru, Regiunea Sud Est) and Sweden (Östergötland, Västra Götaland).